Affected or destroyed towns on the region's north and east coast were Pidie Regency, Samalanga, Panteraja, and Lhokseumawe. [citation needed] Presence of seawalls at the Kerala and Tamil Nadu coasts reduced the impact of the waves. Each of these megathrust earthquakes . A 9.1-magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Officials estimated that billions of dollars would be needed. The tsunami also reached Antarctica, where tidal gauges at Japan's Showa Base recorded oscillations of up to a metre (3ft 3in), with disturbances lasting a couple of days. Tsunamis there are relatively rare despite earthquakes being relatively frequent in Indonesia. The south bay opens to the south-east and faces in the opposite direction from the tsunami. But villagers there are using an innovative microcredit scheme to restore mangrove forests and other coastal ecosystems that will serve as a natural barrier against future killer waves and storms. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We provide high quality business cards, postcards, flyers, brochures, stationery and other premium online print products. The waves radiated outwards along the entire 1,600km (1,000mi) length of the rupture (acting as a line source). [147] The deadliest tsunami before 2004 was Italy's 1908 Messina earthquake on the Mediterranean Sea where the earthquake and tsunami killed about 123,000. The sea was observed to rise suddenly before the onset of the first wave. The locals reported 10 to 12 waves, with the second and third being the highest and most destructive. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? [79][80][81][82], The tsunami runup height measured in mainland India by Ministry of Home Affairs includes:[82]. The Boxing Day tsunami would be the deadliest in recorded history, taking a staggering 230,000 lives in a matter of hours. [151], The widespread devastation caused by the tsunami led GAM to declare a cease-fire on 28 December 2004 followed by the Indonesian government, and the two groups resumed long-stalled peace talks, which resulted in a peace agreement signed 15 August 2005. [15] The earthquake (followed by the tsunami) was felt in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Our speedboat was getting closer to the shore. [149] Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury the body of the dead, and in many cases, no body remained to be buried. It does not store any personal data. As I looked toward the shore of the island, I saw one big wave hit the beach and sweep umbrellas and chairs down into the sea. Within 23km (1.21.9mi) of the shoreline, houses, except for strongly-built reinforced concrete ones with brick walls, which seemed to have been partially damaged by the earthquake before the tsunami attack, were swept away or destroyed by the tsunami. [52], Some of the tsunami's energy escaped into the Pacific Ocean, where it produced small but measurable tsunamis along the western coasts of North and South America, typically around 200 to 400mm (7.9 to 15.7in). Its over 1,700-foot wave was the largest ever recorded for a tsunami. After breakfast, we all went to the end of the boat on the deck to watch the intern diving with instructors. Germany was close behind with 539 identified victims. Many tourists and locals can be seen trying to gather fish. Despite its proximity to the incident, Malaysia escaped the kind of damage that struck countries thousands of miles further away (most of its western coast is shielded by Sumatra). When I first arrived, the local police took me to Wat Yan Yao, where there were thousands of dead bodies waiting to be identified. [76] The tsunami heights were 56m (1620ft) and the inundated depth was about 2m (6.6ft). . An oceanic trench several kilometres wide was exposed in the earthquake zone.[43]. The tsunami was the most lethal ever to have occurred, with a death toll that reached a staggering figure of over 230,000, affecting people in 14 countries with Indonesia hit worst, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. 227,8982004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami / Number of deaths. Furthermore, at the coastal town of Kanyakumari, the seabed was exposed briefly before a large wall of water can be seen on the horizon and subsequently flooding the town. The India Plate sinks deeper and deeper beneath the Burma Plate until the increasing temperature and pressure drive volatiles out of the subducting plate. Thousands of rice, mango, and banana plantations in Sri Lanka were destroyed almost entirely and will take years to recover. In fact, the largest tsunami wave ever recorded broke on a cool July night in 1958 and only claimed five lives. Along the west coast, the inundation was observed around Guptapara, Manjeri, Wandoor, Collinpur and Tirur regions. All I saw were dead bodies floating in the water. . [4] Radar satellites recorded the heights of tsunami waves in deep water: maximum height was at 600mm (2ft) two hours after the earthquake, the first such observations ever made. My son's three friends told me he was missing. Then dead bodies started to come in. A regular passenger train operating between Maradana and Matara was derailed and overturned by the tsunami and claimed at least 1,700 lives, the largest single rail disaster death toll in history. On December 26, 2004, a massive tsunami triggered by an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. The Indian Plate is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and is moving north-east at an average of 60mm/a (0.075in/Ms). The third wave was the strongest, with a maximum tsunami wave height of 11m (36ft). The tsunami travelled eastward through the Andaman Sea and hit the south-western coasts of Thailand, about 2 hours after the earthquake. Located about 500km (310mi) from the epicentre, at the time, the region was popular with tourists because of Christmas. In recent years the fishery industry has emerged as a dynamic export-oriented sector, generating substantial foreign exchange earnings. [158], The tsunami had a severe humanitarian and political impact in Sweden. Oxfam went on to report that as many as four times more women than men were killed in some regions because they were waiting on the beach for the fishers to return and looking after their children in the houses. That morning on Patong beach was very quiet. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [23][24], Since 1900, the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1960 Valdivia earthquake (magnitude 9.5) and the 1964 Alaska earthquake in Prince William Sound (magnitude 9.2). He was trapped and died inside the building where he was. Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? Around 289 fatalities were reported in the Horn of Africa, drowned by four tsunami waves. [citation needed]. Rosie was saved by a stranger. Amateur video recorded taken at a resort beach showed the tsunami arriving as a large wall of water as it approached the coast and flooding it as it advanced inland. Also to know is, how many families survived the 2004 tsunami? It took me half a day to find him. [156] The announcement generated panic in the Indian Ocean region and caused thousands to flee their homes, which resulted in jammed roads. On the island of Pulau Weh, strong surges were experienced in the port of Sabang, yet there was little damage with reported runup values of 35m (9.816.4ft), most likely due to the island being sheltered from the direct attack by the islands to the south-west. Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958 The earthquake was the third-largest ever recorded based upon seismographic measurements, the largest in the 21st century and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between eight and ten minutes. The film is called The Impossible and is based on the account of Maria Belton, a survivor of the Boxing Day tsunami in 2004. Flooding occurred at the coast and low-lying areas inland, which were connected to open sea through creeks. The second and third waves came in 10 minutes intervals after the first wave. The seismic waves of the earthquake were felt across the planet, as far away as the U.S. state of Oklahoma, where vertical movements of 3mm (0.12in) were recorded. The epicenter was just off the coast Ten years after the disaster in Southeast Asia, psychologist and veteran diver Yossi Hasson recalls the event that changed his life, and discusses it in writing for the first time. [19], The hypocentre of the main earthquake was approximately 160km (100mi) off the western coast of northern Sumatra, in the Indian Ocean just north of Simeulue island at a depth of 30km (19mi) below mean sea level (initially reported as 10km or 6.2mi). Did anyone famous died in the 2004 tsunami? Some believe that the tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers or following a materialistic lifestyle. Tsunamis are giant waves that are produced when a large volume of water is displaced in an ocean or large lake by an earthquake, volcanic eruption, underwater landslide or meteorite. Jpan survived the earthquake pretty well only they weren't ready for the massive 9.0 tsnami that followed Approximately 8,000 people were killed. Powerful tsunamis slammed into the coasts of India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Seychelles and Somalia, devastating thousands of miles of coastline - and the communities that depended on them. I said the prayer into the microphone, so everyone could hear it. A tsunami that causes damage far away from its source is sometimes called a teletsunami and is much more likely to be produced by the vertical motion of the seabed than by horizontal motion. Chapter 3, "The matter of money", in Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley, "Compilation of videos that show the moment the quake and the subsequent tsunami hit", deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, Thoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011, Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Library damage resulting from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, "Magnitude 9.1 Off the West Coast of Sumatra", "Long-Term Perspectives on Giant Earthquakes and Tsunamis at Subduction Zones", "Astonishing Wave Heights Among the Findings of an International Tsunami Survey Team on Sumatra", "Nannoliths abundance and distribution in tsunami deposits: example from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (north-west Sumatra, Indonesia)", "Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis Report", "Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held", "Indian Ocean Tsunami Economic Aspects", "The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004", "Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Tsunami Generation from the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology", "Analysis of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Reveals Longest Fault Rupture Ever", "Scientists: Sumatra quake longest ever recorded", "Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench", "Power of tsunami earthquake heavily underestimated", "Long-term ocean observing for international capacity development around tsunami early warning | U.S. Geological Survey", "Earthquake related tsunami hazard along the western coast of Thailand", "26th December 2004 great SumatraAndaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra", "Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis", "Revised Tectonic Forecast of Global Shallow Seismicity Based on Version 2.1 of the Global Strain Rate Map", "How do you determine the magnitude for an earthquake that occurred prior to the creation of the magnitude scale? 2023 BBC. [164], In the days following the tsunami, significant effort was spent in burying bodies hurriedly due to fear of disease spreading. This may affect rehabilitation work to follow. Helicopter surveys showed entire settlements virtually destroyed with destruction within miles inland, and only some mosques left standing. Other towns on Aceh's west coast hit by the disaster included Leupung, Lhokruet, Lamno, Patek, Calang, and Teunom. One of the few coastal areas to evacuate ahead of the tsunami was on the Indonesian island of Simeulue, close to the epicentre. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Eyewitnesses compared the tsunami with the "rainy-season high tide"; although at most locations, the tsunami height was similar or smaller than the "rainy-season high tide" level. Most of the victims were reported along the low-lying Xaafuun Peninsula. Scientists investigating the damage in Aceh found evidence that the wave reached a height of 24 m (80 ft) when coming ashore along large stretches of the coastline, rising to 30 m (100 ft) in some areas when travelling inland. Because of its enormous energy release and shallow rupture depth, the earthquake generated remarkable seismic ground motions around the globe, particularly due to huge Rayleigh (surface) elastic waves that exceeded 10mm (0.4in) in vertical amplitude everywhere on Earth. [1] Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single worst tsunami in history. Because the 1,600km (1,000mi) fault affected by the earthquake was in a nearly northsouth orientation, the greatest strength of the tsunami waves was in an eastwest direction. How many peoples survived tsunami 2004? This is unusual since earthquakes of magnitude eight or more occur only about once per year on average. Theme: Envo Blog. This considerably outweighed the allocation by the government to disaster relief and reconstruction of 75 million and came to an average of about 5.50 (US$10) donated by every citizen. "Environmental Issues Emerging from Wreckage of Asian Tsunami", "United Nations Environment Programme; Environment for Development", "Many mangrove restorations fail. 1,500-metre-high (5,000ft) thrust ridges created by previous geologic activity along the fault had collapsed, generating landslides several kilometres wide. Local eyewitnesses described three large waves, with the first wave rising gently to the foundation of the buildings, followed minutes later by a sudden withdrawal of the sea near the port of Ulee Lheue. Peninsular Malaysia was shielded by the full force of the tsunami due to the protection offered by the island of Sumatra, which lies just off the western coast.

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