[375] In May 2021, the state legislature passed the Texas Heartbeat Act, which banned abortion from as early as six weeks of pregnancy, except to save the life of the mother. The state's economic growth has led to urban sprawl and its associated symptoms. [372] The 2008 Men's Health obesity survey ranked four Texas cities among the top 25 fattest cities in America; Houston ranked 6th, Dallas 7th, El Paso 8th, and Arlington 14th. [318], Historically, Texas culture comes from a blend of Southern (Dixie), Western (frontier), and Southwestern (Mexican/Anglo fusion) influences, varying in degrees of such from one intrastate region to another. These Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks underlie most of the state, and are exposed in three places: Llano uplift, Van Horn, and the Franklin Mountains, near El Paso. [36] Native American tribes who have lived inside the boundaries of present-day Texas include the Alabama, Apache, Atakapan, Bidai, Caddo, Aranama, Comanche, Choctaw, Coushatta, Hasinai, Jumano, Karankawa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Tonkawa, and Wichita. ", "Lines Blur as Texas Gives Industries a Bonanza", "No relief in sight for Texas heat and drought", https://www.rrc.texas.gov/oil-and-gas/research-and-statistics/production-data/texas-monthly-oil-gas-production/, "Tesoro Headquarters Building I, San Antonio | 308726 | EMPORIS", "Texas State Energy Profile: Electricity", "Electricity Data Browser: Net generation from electricity plants for all fuels, annual", "Texas leads nation in wind power capacity", "Hold Onto Your Bonnets! appeared first on Texas A&M Today. Corrections? The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tysha (/taja/) 'friend', was applied, in the spelling Tejas or Texas,[21][22][23][1] by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, specifically the Hasinai Confederacy,[24] the final -s representing the Spanish plural. Well connect you with what you needand want to do. [179] Dallas in the North Central region averages a more moderate 37 inches (940mm) per year. [387] The University of Texas Health Science Center is another highly ranked research and educational institution in San Antonio. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population grew by 20.6%, but Hispanics and Latino Americans grew by 65%, whereas non-Hispanic whites grew by only 4.2%. This mesmerizing concert is a spectacular celebration of the planet we call home. Renew or replace driver license/ID with TxT, Renew massage therapy/instructor license with TxT, It's government just the way you want it - powerful, personalized, and in your pocket. [54] A small band of survivors traveled eastward into the lands of the Caddo, but La Salle was killed by disgruntled expedition members. This region is dominated by prairie and steppe. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [221] Texas is the second-most populous state in the United States after California and the only other U.S. state to surpass a total estimated population of 30 million people as of July 2, 2022. Thunderstorms strike Texas often, especially the eastern and northern portions of the state. From the anxiety and uncertainty to the relief and determination, 'Midterm Musings' takes you on a journey through the . [109] In 1940, Texas was 74% Anglo, 14.4% black, and 11.5% Hispanic. Texas's border with Mexico was known as the "backdoor of the Confederacy" because trade occurred at the border, bypassing the Union blockade. In recent times, urban centers of the state have increased in size, containing two-thirds of the population in 2005. Create your account now at. Texas's large population, an abundance of natural resources, thriving cities and leading centers of higher education have contributed to a large and diverse economy. Still have questions? The test replaced the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) test in the 20112012 school year. [166], The size and unique history of Texas make its regional affiliation debatable; it can be fairly considered a Southern or a Southwestern state, or both. [278] The state also leads the nation in production of cotton which is the number one crop grown in the state in terms of value. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. One in six students are military connected. [345] The rate of school corporal punishment in Texas is surpassed only by Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas. [207] The office of the Texas Attorney General stated, in 2011, that Texas had about 2,294 colonias, and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and the Southwestern regions. These strike most frequently in North Texas and the Panhandle. It begins with trail rides from several points throughout the state that convene at Reliant Park. An additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund. The Assemblies of God made the largest Evangelical Pentecostal denomination in 2014. You may be the first in your family to attend college, or you may come from a long line of proud Aggies. To access other Texas.gov online services, visit the Driver Services page or use the Government Services Directoryto find what you need. The state extends nearly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from north to south and about the same distance from east to west. Three scheduled routes serve the state: the daily Texas Eagle (ChicagoSan Antonio); the tri-weekly Sunset Limited (New OrleansLos Angeles), with stops in Texas; and the daily Heartland Flyer (Fort WorthOklahoma City). [125], In 1901, the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting, which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos. Senator James Pearce of Maryland drafted the final proposal where Texas ceded its claims to land which later became half of present-day New Mexico,[106] a third of Colorado, and small portions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming to the federal government, in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt. Five other Deep South states quickly followed. [135], Beginning around the mid-20th century, Texas began to transform from a rural and agricultural state to one urban and industrialized. It was one of New Spain's least populated provinces. [162], The Great Plains region in Central Texas spans through the state's panhandle and Llano Estacado to the state's hill country near Lago Vista and Austin. [195] As of 2017[update] the state emits about 1,600billion pounds (707million metric tons) of carbon dioxide annually. [136] Beginning in the early 21st century, metropolitan areas including DallasFort Worth and Greater Austin became centers for the Texas Democratic Party in statewide and national elections as liberal policies became more accepted in urban areas. ESPN Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. [388][389], Both the American Heart Association and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center call Dallas home. [174], Texas plays host to several species of wasps, including an abundance of Polistes exclamans,[175] and is an important ground for the study of Polistes annularis. The state's numerous oil tycoons are also a popular pop culture topic as seen in the hit TV series Dallas. ON-CAMPUS VISITS Tours include stops at residence halls, academic buildings and popular hangout spots. In early 1835, wary Texians formed Committees of Correspondence and Safety. Beyond that escarpment lies the third largest region of Texas, the High Plains country, and to the south lies the Trans-Pecos region. A hurricane in 1875 killed about 400 people in Indianola, followed by another hurricane in 1886 that destroyed the town. [95] Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco, ending the war. [159], Texas is the second-largest U.S. state, after Alaska, and the largest state within the contiguous United States, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200km2). [436], The state's conservative white voters began to support Republican presidential candidates by the mid-20th century. The founders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) used the Texas agency as one of their models for petroleum price control. News. [citation needed] The United States (who had begun convincing tribes to self-segregate from whites by selling everything and moving west ever since they gained the Louisiana Purchase) faced an overflow of native peoples in Missouri and Arkansas and were able to negotiate with the Caddo to allow several displaced peoples to settle on unused lands in eastern Texas. The final battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas, and saw a Confederate victory. It is one of the 32 states that practice capital punishment, and since the US Supreme Court allowed capital punishment to resume in 1976, 40% of all U.S. executions have taken place in Texas. Updates? According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the largest historically African American Christian denominations were the National Baptist Convention (USA) and the Church of God in Christ. These flat, low prairies extend inland to form a fertile crescent that is well adapted to farming and cattle raising. [358], The Carnegie Foundation classifies four of Texas's universities as Tier One research institutions: The University of Texas at Austin, the Texas A&M University, the University of Houston and Texas Tech University. Find out the latest on your favorite NCAAF teams on CBSSports.com. [102] Opposition within the republic from the nationalist faction, along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States, slowed Texas's admission into the Union. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics", "In Texas, Biden's urban wins couldn't offset Trump's millions of votes in rural, red counties", "Analysis: The blue dots in Texas' red political sea", "Official Canvass Report 2020 November 3rd General Election", "Texas executes 500th person since resuming death penalty", "Tex Pe. [196] Causes of the state's vast greenhouse gas emissions include the state's large number of coal power plants and the state's refining and manufacturing industries. [232][233][234] Blacks or African Americans made up 12.9%, American Indians and Alaska Natives 1.0%, Asian Americans 5.2%, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1%, some other race 0.2%, and two or more races 1.8%. Code Ann. [369] Texas ranks close to last in access to healthcare, quality of care, avoidable hospital spending, and equity among various groups. France held a short-lived colony. Senators. Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Len, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest; and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. [82] Texians sided with the federalists against the current government and drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas. Texas occupies the south-central segment of the country and is the largest state in area except for Alaska. The Sabine River forms a natural border with Louisiana to the east. Tropical storms have also caused their share of damage: Allison in 1989 and again during 2001, Claudette in 1979, and Tropical Storm Imelda in 2019.[188][189][190].

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