Lifters: Crower solid with EDM oil hole (0.024 inch) 1967 was the last year for closed-chambered heads. RamAir 4 Motor Price $15500.00. The 2+2 package was first offered as a $291 option on Catalina hardtops and convertibles in 1964. Model Number: Body/Style Number: Body Type & Seating: Factory Price: . View the Pontiac Engine Torque Specifications for engine repairs and rebuilds. By 1949 work on a 287cuin (4.7L) OHV V8 had begun, but moved along slowly. 1963 Pontiac Catalina 421 H.O. | HowStuffWorks The W72 offered many improvements over the standard L78 400 Pontiac. The main upgrade for the engine was the ESC, (Electronic Spark Control)[15] which provided slightly more power at 170hp (127kW) with 4.9L (299cuin) for the 19801981 model years. Ram Air induction was optional in the GTO, though power ratings were unchanged. Even more powerful were the 421 Super Duty V8s that could produce up to 410 horsepower. For 1967, Pontiac retired the 389cuin (6.4L) and replaced it with the 400cuin (6,554cc), a 389 bored-out by +0.06in (1.5mm) to a bore and stroke of 4.12in 3+34in (104.6mm 95.3mm). Unlike previous enlargements of Pontiac V8s, it did not replace the 389. Two different cylinder-head castings were used for the 1962 model year, both with a combustion chamber volume of 68cc (4.15cuin) to produce an 11.0:1 compression ratio. If you've been thinking about cruising the local boulevard in a classy convertible, but find yourself longing for the power under the hood that only a muscle car provides, perhaps it's time to take another long look at Pontiac's restyled 1965 Bonneville convertible. Only 157 Ram Air IV Firebirds, including 55 Trans Ams, were built for 1969. PONTIAC : 1965-75Tune-up Specifications : Year: Engine Car Model: Spark Plug Type (AC) - Gap: Point Gap: Dwell Angle: . . But the "Ram Air" 400 also mandated steep 4.33:1 gears(or 3.90:1 in Firebird), making the Quadra-Power 400 (400 HO) the top practical street engine option for most drivers. The beginnings of Pontiac's iconic Ram Air dynasty began during the 1965 model year. Officially named the Quadra-Power 400 for 1967 and renamed 400 HO for 1968, the 400 HO was first offered for 1967 as the third engine in the GTO line after the automatic-only 400 2-barrel and the standard 400 4-barrel (the 400 HO would not be offered in the Firebird until the 1968 model year). It featured the "744" 301/313 camshaft, which offered more duration and overlap than the "HO". Detroit, however, was reluctant to relinquish its time-tested biggest-car/best-engine formula. This was the last run for the 455 (7.5 L) motor from Pontiac, and production ceased on the 455 this year as it could no longer meet the emissions requirements any longer. Two tri-power 421s were optional, one with 356 bhp, the other with 376. The engines feature a cast-iron block and head and two valves per cylinder. Standard motor was the 421 4 barrel with 342 horsepower, which was no slouch itself. Inside the 1966 Pontiac OHC 6 | Mac's Motor City Garage In 1963 Pontiac dropped the Buick division built 215 cu. 544127 with larger 2.02/1.76-inch (51/45mm) valves entered production. Reductions in reciprocating weight free up horsepower. pontiac engine decoder year code c/i hp tran carb car misc 1962 13b 421 3 m 2 x 4 full super duty 1962 13u 421 4 m 2 x 4 full super duty 1962 bu 421 4 m 2 x 4 full super duty . Beginning in 1967 casting numbers moved to the rear of the block just behind cylinder #8. The Catalina was the base intermediate-sized Pontiac resting on a 121-inch wheelbase that it shared with the Safari and the Grand Prix. The engine was available in all full-size Pontiacs. 1965 Pontiac Bonneville Convertible | Hemmings Engine Oil: 120 ft-lbs. In 1973 a further refined and even stronger but less powerful version, the Super Duty (SD) engine, was planned for Firebird, Grand Am, Le Mans (GTO), and Grand Prix models. The development of this V8 dates back to 1946, when engineers began considering new engine designs for postwar cars. Though never factory-installed in any car, the ultimate engine of the Ram Air line of engines was the tunnel-port Ram Air V. In 1969 Pontiac created four versions of the Ram Air V engine: a 303cuin (5.0L) short deck version for SCCA Trans-Am racing, a 366cuin (6.0L) variant for NASCAR, a 400cuin (6.6L) version for street use in GTOs and Firebirds, as well as a 428cuin (7.0L) adaptation for drag racing. PDF Pontiac Engine Decoder gasoline (petrol) engine with displacement: 6902 cm3 / 421.2 cui, advertised power: 252 kW / 338 hp / 343 PS . The mighty Pontiac 421 was a star on the drag strip and a super nova on the Nascar tracks of the first half of the 60s. The 421 SD Tri . This was to ensure there was enough fuel to cool the cast offset dished pistons. 1966 Pontiac Ventura Specifications. 1966 Pontiac Catalina - conceptcarz.com Factory heavy-duty high-pressure oil pump and eight-quart sump, four-bolt main bearing caps with Moraine aluminum bearings, and #1110976 dual-point distributor without vacuum advance. Initially marketed as a 287cuin (4.7L), it went on to be manufactured in displacements between 265cuin (4.3L) and 455cuin (7.5L) in carburated, fuel injected, and turbocharged versions. More 400cuin (6.6L) engines were produced by Pontiac than the other versions - estimates range from 80 to 200 units. The 455 was used through 1976 when it, as with many other large displacement engines, was discontinued as manufacturers moved to smaller, more efficient models, even in their full size car lines. Greater throughput mixed with the proper amount of fuel and ignited at the ideal time for the flame to expand against the piston will result in more power. The engines feature a cast-iron block and head and two valves per cylinder. Pontiac first offered the 2+2 as a Catalina engine, suspension, and trim group in 1964. For the 1967 GTO the engine was rated at 360bhp (268kW; 365PS) and had the cast-iron headers. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Horsepower: See Part 2 This chart covers Pontiac V8 Engines; 265, 301, 326, 350, 389, 400, 421 . Mods: Intake port match, valve bowl blend, improved short-turn radius Primary tube diameter: 1.75-in All 1980 Trans Ams received this engine as standard with the option to delete this engine choice as a credit option for the standard L37 301. This resulted in a lightweight design weighing less than the Chevrolet small-block V-8. The W72 package was a standalone option, and although was discounted when ordered in conjunction with the Y82/Y84/Y88 Special Appearance package, did not come included with Special Edition Trans Ams, it remained an extra cost option. It featured 3+14in (82.6mm) main journals (which the legendary Smokey Yunick reputedly left Pontiac's engineering department over). All L78 Pontiac 400 equipped cars received the same shaker decal as the L80 Oldsmobile 403, being "6.6 LITRE". 1966 yk 421 376 a 3x2 1967 zg 230 165 a 1 1967 zm 230 165 a 1 1967 zk 230 165 3 m 1 1967 zs 230 165 3 m 1 . Piston-to-deck height: 0.009-in Mechanical advance: 36-deg at 3,200 rpm Not where most enthusiasts go first. Angles used in valve job: 30-deg intake, 45-deg exhaust seat, width 0.040-in intake, 0.060-in exhaust Instead, they were substituted with the L80 Oldsmobile 403, or the L37 Pontiac 301 if they still requested a 4-speed transmission. The most famous S/D of them all. By comparison, the factory 421 H.O. These heads can be distinguished from 6x8 heads through a small stamped "4" on the top of the front boss. The W72 301 was a tuned L37 301 Pontiac V8 with some minor upgrades. Year. The "455 HO" moniker took on a whole new meaning with the introduction of the 1971 model year; Intended as a low compression progression from the previous years Ram Air IV engine, all 1971 455 HO engines used a heavy duty 4 bolt main block, round port cylinder heads (casting #197; with 8.4: compression), "Ram Air" style exhaust manifolds, and a two-part aluminum intake manifold. McKellar's Masterpiece: The Pontiac Overhead Cam 421 V8 The first letter equals the month. Bonafide Muscle: 1965 Pontiac 2+2 Buyer's Guide | Hemmings Rocker studs: ARP special 34-in bottom These muscle car profiles include photos and specifications for each model: For related car information, go to these articles: Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide This may have been propagated by the only authorized company that is licensed to reproduce these decals not including the "6.6 LITRE" in the Trans Am decal kits, and only including "T/A 6.6" with no extra cost. The GTO came with a four-barrel 389 V8 with 335 horsepower. The engine was dubbed the TEMPEST V-8, a nickname it retained until the end of 1960. Pontiac V8 Engine Tune Up Specifications. The 301 Turbo was unique since it had a beefier block than the 197779 versions (which carried on in the non-turbo versions in 1980 and 1981), a very mild camshaft with 0.35in (8.9mm) lift and 250 degrees gross duration, a 60psi (4.1bar) oil pump to ensure adequate oil to the oil-cooled Garrett TBO-305 Turbocharger, a rolled fillet crankshaft, a fully baffled oil pan, and a specific 800cuft/min (23m3/min) Quadrajet carburetor. The 301T block was significantly more durable than the standard 301 block and received a thicker bottom end. The four-barrel 400 was a popular performance option for many of Pontiac's cars. Given that, it was no accident that the leader in intermediate muscle also put together the finest full-size performance machine -- the 1966 Pontiac 2+2. The 301.6cuin (4.9L) 301 was offered from 1977 to 1981 and also installed in other GM cars during those years. (imp.) of torque at 3,800 RPM in the GTO, and 340 HORSEPOWER at 5,300 RPM and 430-lb.ft. Head bolts do not pull on the cylinder wall causing distortion. . superior_queens (3,035) 100%. For the first time, Pontiac offered Tri-Power, three two-barrel carburetors with a sequential linkage (replacing the previous dual-quad set-up). 455 (7.5) Buick Gran Sport, and 455 (7.5) Oldsmobile 442). Every torque specification should be in this table, however if there is one missing, please Contact Me and I will get you the spec and add it to the table. It had a four-barrel carburetor, dual exhaust, and higher compression, and was good for 280hp (209kW) for 19631964, and 285hp (213kW) for 1965 - 1966 and the final year, 1967. During 19511952, Pontiac had 23 287cuin (4.7L) V8-equipped 1953 model production prototypes running tests on the GM proving grounds. The 301 had a bore and stroke of 4in 3in (101.6mm 76.2mm). It also could hold its own against a range of performance cars. The shaker wore the decals "455 H.O." Along with a cam swap it boosted horsepower from 325 hp with the four-barrel carb to 348 hp in '64. It was the top-of-the-line engine unless one opted for the "Ram Air" V-8 derived from it. The camshaft was the HO cam with 288/301 duration. 10 with 308/320 degrees of duration and 0.445/0.447-inch lift (11.3/11.4mm) with 1.65:1-ratio rocker arms and solid lifters, special #529238 forged-steel connecting rods, forged aluminum 4.09-inch (104mm) bore Mickey Thompson pistons, #542990 forged-steel crankshaft with a 4-inch (101.6mm) stroke and 3+14-inch (82.6mm) diameter main journals. Forged steel 6.625in (168.3mm) rods (Ram Air V style), Large-valve heads (valve diameter): 2.4in (61mm) intake, 2in (51mm) exhaust, Small-valve high-RPM head (valve diameter) 2.19in (56mm) intake, 2in (51mm) exhaust. True Pontiac engines were designed and built in Detroitnot on a computer, but often by GI-bill-educated engineers who grew up working with their hands and now had a slide rule in their pocket instead of a greasy rag. Most likely prompted by its development of the Pontiac OHC six, the GM division built three different experimental SOHC 421 CID V8 engines in the early 1960s. intake duration and later 1964 L with 288deg intake essentially the same as the 068 cam. Stock Pontiac Head Specs - Ron's Pontiac Page Preparation: Wash after balance for assembly 1962 421 super duty motor Price $30000.00. street engine. The Pontiac 301 EC (Electronic Controls) version offered in 1981 produced 155hp (116kW) and 245lbft (332Nm), although it's rumoured that the actual output was closer to 170hp (127kW). Optional engines included the 356hp Tri-Power as seen on our feature car (code WH manual or YJ auto), or the 421HO, rated at 376hp . It was clear to most enthusiasts by 1966 that midsize models had seized the muscle car mantle. For '65, the 421-cid V-8 became a standard part of the option package, and for '66, Pontiac made the 2+2 a separate model, still based on the Catalina two-door hardtop or convertible. Pontiac engineers tested their 269cuin (4.4L) V8 in 1949 or 1950 against an OHV Oldsmobile Rocket V8 303cuin (5.0L) downsized to 270cuin (4.4L). Preparation: Install in rod, torque, measure ID 1963 Pontiac V8 Engine Specs. Price $15500.00. It retained the 421's 4in (101.6mm) stroke and 3+14in (82.6mm) main journal. It was the same engine as the '67-'68 400 HO[18] but for 1969 and 1970 it included a driver-selectable outside air induction system on the GTO(it was a separate option on Firebird), with the hood vents opened and closed using a knob located under the dash, below and to the right of the steering wheel, its bracket labeled "RAM AIR". A panel covers the dash opening where the radio would have been on a standard Catalina. Likewise, the top 428 carried the same 376-hp rating as the 1966 Pontiac 421 Tri-Power motor. It was removed from the design for the 1960 model year because designers moved the generator and the power steering pump from atop the front of the engine down to the front of the heads to accommodate a lower hoodline. It was rated at 376bhp in 1967 and 390bhp in 1968 and 1969. The Ram Air II also incorporated the first computer-designed camshaft. The XS-code 389 was still rated at 360bhp at 5,200 rpm, same as the more common WS-coded Tri-Power 389, but performance was noticeably improved on acceleration runs. Retainers: Crower steel [2] This was the engine installed in the Pontiac Executive line of large cars[3] and its largest station wagon, the Pontiac Safari. This test would tend to lend credence to the CAR AND DRIVER and HOT ROD tests of 1973 Super Duty cars with 3.42 gears, no air, and 160lb (73kg) less weight as being representative of production specimens capable of mid to high 13-second passes at 104mph (167km/h). For 1959 the V8's stroke was increased to 3+34in (95.3mm), raising displacement to 389cuin (6.4L). Effectively, Pontiac's V8s were all small blocks, sharing the same connecting rod length 6.625 in (168.3mm) (except for the later short deck 301 and 265 produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s before Pontiac adopted universal GM engines). A camshaft with 301/313 degrees of advertised duration, 0.407-inch (10.3mm) net valve lift, and 76 degrees of valve overlap was specified for actual production engines in lieu of the significantly more aggressive Ram Air IV-spec camshaft that had originally been planned for the engine (initially rated at 310hp (231kW) with that cam), but ultimately proved incapable of meeting the tightening emissions standards of the era with sufficient margin to satisfy Pontiac emission engineers given expected volume production variations. HPP decided to follow this exciting exercise; we show you the highlights in this two-part primer. The premier SD 421 cylinder head was the late 1962-early 1963 casting #9771980 aka "980", featuring a larger 11.3cuin (185cc) intake port volume, flowing 230cuft/min (6.5m3/min) @ 28in (710mm). Pontiac Blocks Casting Information - Butler Performance It was implemented as further development of a cost-effective, more fuel efficient V8 derivative of the 301 V8 for the CAFE requirements. Your definitive 1964-67 Pontiac GTO buyer's guide - Hagerty The 1981 301 Turbo gained the electronic controls with an O2 sensor, feedback ECM and E4ME Quadrajet providing a slight reduction in output to 205hp (153kW) and 340lbft (461Nm).The 301 Turbo was limited to Trans Am and Formula Firebird production only. Pontiac V8 Engine Tune-Up and Torque Specifications. Regarding Crower's upgrade suggestions for its camshaft, Jim pretty much has it covered. Ever wonder what it would take to increase that number by 100? Apparently at least one of these engines survives under the hood of an engineer's personal Pontiac. Its cast "670" heads had taller valve spring heights than the standard D-port heads, and the only 14-degree valve angle closed combustion chamber making these heads unique. Not long before the model year introduction, Pontiac management decided that the entire line would be V8-powered. The 326 subsequently became the optional V8 engine for Tempests, and later the Pontiac Firebird, through 1967 and maintained the 17 degree cylinder head valve angle for its entire production run. 287. With a view to the latter, what we find lurking under the hood is the 421ci Tri-Power V8. That's the factory rating of the legendary 421 H.O. Head ID Location The V8 engine was introduced for the 1955 model year as the "Strato Streak". For 1958 the V8's bore was increased again to 4+116in (103.2mm), increasing displacement to 369.4cuin (6.1L). It's well documented that an internal combustion engine is nothing more than an air pump. Pontiac first offered three two-barrel carburetors in 1957 and the Tri-power set up was an option on the GTO from 1964-66. 1966 Pontiac Bonneville Convertible full range specs - Automobile-Catalog The initial press cars that were given to the various enthusiast magazines (e.g. 1966: 421: 9782611 (late) 1967-1969. The W72 also featured a camshaft with a higher duration, finer tuned 800cfm Rochester Quadrajet, insulated fuel line, larger 60PSI oil pump, chrome valve covers, a larger harmonic balancer, and the "T/A 6.6" Shaker decal. In 1969, Pontiac unveiled its Trans Am model Firebird, and since racing rules required engines of less than 5L (305.1cuin), Pontiac unveiled the 303 for racing models only, never available to the public. . / 8.3 mpg (U.S.) / 3.6 km/l, more data: 1966 Pontiac Catalina 2 . From a performance perspective, the 2+2 is pretty impressive. The standard head seen on an L78 400 Pontiac was the low compression 6x8 head, while the 6x4 head seen on the W72 had hardened valve seats for a higher RPM operating range, improved air flow, and higher compression. (V8) - Stamped on right front side of block or beneath production . What is important is the total timing, the . - P.Top - Correct Exterior/Interior. pontiac 421 complete engine for sale | eBay The Pontiac 2+2 was promoted as the "big brother" to the iconic Pontiac GTO. The 421 SD Tri-Power engine offered during these years produced the highest horsepower of any motor in the Pontiac V8 lineup at 376 bhp. This S/D retains the original "Traction Master" traction bars and two-bar spinners on the original 8 . Displacement (CID) Bore (Inches) Stroke (Inches) Mains (Inches) 1955. When Robert Critchfield took over as general manager in 1952, he launched an ambitious plan to move Pontiac into the upscale, mid-range market occupied by Oldsmobile, and that demanded V8 power. The short deck engine weighed about 40lb (18kg) less than the other variants and had an 8000 rpm redline. Balancer: Original PMD rebuilt by Damper Doctor [7] Though listed as slightly less powerful than some high-performance iterations of the 400 (such as the 366hp (273kW) Ram-Air), the 455 had 500lbft (678Nm) of torque, 55 more lbft (75Nm). The 421 also marked the end of the option for a forged-steel crankshaft. For those who may not be familiar with the equation, here it is again: Pontiac 2+2 - Wikipedia Installed position: 110-deg 093: 66 389 GTO: 65 . In addition, a shallower spherical-wedge combustion chamber moved the tuliped valve heads .040" closer to the piston at TDC, improving mixture draw considerably during the intake stroke. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. In 1969 the 350 HO was upgraded again with the addition of the 400 HO cam, commonly referred to by enthusiasts as the 068 cam. 1966 Pontiac Catalina 421 H.O. Gives New Meaning to the Term 'Full Floater' 1963 - 389 SD Code 543797. In 1974 it was used in the GTO and was rated at 200hp (149kW) (net). The 1972 455 HO was available in the Firebird (optional in Formula; standard in Trans Am) and 2-door LeMans (including those with the GTO option) and LeMans Sport convertible. Price $14000.00. The last was the 421 HO and included a high-output camshaft and valve train. Type Size Carb Horse Power Tourqe; Tri-Power: 389ci: 3x2bbl: 360 hp @ 5200 rpm: 424 lb-ft @ 3600 rpm: Base 8 . Exhaust: 180 cfm at 0.500-in It remained on the same platform, but for the 1966 models, it became a different Pontiac series. This was a completely stock car on loan from a private owner for the test. A higher-output four-barrel carburetor version was offered, called the 326 HO (High Output). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. This was based on results of over 1 million test miles, which was unheard of at the time. It included a new camshaft with duration increased from 288/302 (No. release the 421 V8 officially to the general public and the motor would continue to be available until the end of the 1966 model year. Ellingson Motorcars (877) 638-7170. Seat pressure: 110 pounds at 1.600-in The 1981 rendition of this engine was officially called the 301-EC [EC standing for Electronic Controls] in the 1981 GM factory service manual, removing the need for a W72 option separately as it was now the standard motor, similar to how all W72 engines in 1979 were coded L78.[16]. For '65, the 421-cid V-8 became a standard part of the option package, and for '66, Pontiac made the 2+2 a separate model, still based on the Catalina two-door hardtop or convertible.Flamboyantly styled and expansively proportioned, the 2+2 was unbeatable for sheer presence. Pontiac did not release official power ratings for this engine, saying only that it had more than 300hp (224kW). The 1966 Pontiac GTO was also the first car to replace the aluminum grille with plastic mesh-pattern inserts. Ram Air induction was optionally available with the 455 HO in the Firebird Formula (standard on Trans Am), and the 2-door LeMans (including GTO). 15 GTO facts you might not know about America's original muscle car Pontiac RAIII/IV Engine parts collection Price $14000.00. The 2+2 reverted to option status for '67, then died, a proud relic of a time when big cars, Pontiacs in particular, ruled the streets. engine for 1963 is reported to be putting out 500 ft-lbs torque at 4,200 rpm and . The Pontiac 421 HO was the king of the streets in 1963, producing 353 and 370 horsepower depending on carburetor configuration. . In the early '60s, the engine program at the Pontiac division of General Motors was a wide-open operation that bustled with innovation. Pontiac Heads; Pontiac Engine Torque Specs; Pontiac Cars (Body Types) Pontiac Engine Information; Instruction Sheets; Compression Calculator; Ask a Tech Question; Customer Service. The four-barrel version with 10.5:1 compression upped horsepower to a healthy 285. . Late in the model year the Ram Air 455 HO was made an available option for those GTOs with the optional "The Judge" package. A History Lesson in Pontiac V8 Power - Engine Builder Magazine Pontiac introduced the OHC 6 in two flavors for '66: a base engine with a one-barrel carburetor that developed 165 hp at 4700 rpm, and a sportier version with a 10.5:1 compression ratio, a high-lift cam, a split exhaust manifold, and GM's new four-barrel Quadrajet carburetor (below). Length: 8.750-inCAM Jets, Primary: Center #64 adjust power valvespring for 12 Hg at 1,000 rpm Perhaps the most unusual variation of the Pontiac V8 was the 1961-63 Trophy 4, which was a 45-degree inclined 194.43cuin (3.2L) inline-4 created from the right bank of the 389 for the debut of the Tempest. See profiles, photos, and specifications of, Muscle cars came in many shapes and sizes. [citation needed] It was the first engine that incorporated Pontiac's round-port head design in a production vehicle, however the intake port was the same as other D-port heads, leaving a head which exhaust port could nearly match the intake at high valve lifts. Standard in the Firebird Trans Am, it was still a rare engine. Where else will the extra 100 horses come from? Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. By 1963 Pontiac decided it was time to release the 421 V8 officially to the general public and the motor would continue to be available until the end of the 1966 model year. 301 4-barrel 'W72' or 'ESC' (170hp, 127kW) (with the 5th character of the VIN being a "W" for 1979-1980 and the 8th for 1981). One of the key modifications over the standard 301 4-barrel was the 301 Turbo block. Standard ratio with the 400 was 3.55:1(except 3.36:1 in Firebird for 1969) regardless of transmission(3.23:1 for cars with air conditioning). This was a project started with the end goal of building a 427 Hemi. Bore/Stroke: 4.150/4.00-in The Fresh Air package continued into the 1966 model year. Modified versions of this engine were extensively used in NASCAR stock car racing and drag racing competition. In 1968, there was also a 350 "HO" which had increased power with the addition of higher compression #18 heads (#17 and #46 were the most common 2-barrel heads), a four-barrel carburettor and matching intake that was also used on the 400 and 428 engines. This was the only Poncho with standard 421-cid power. Pontiac's 428 was a sneak attack in the muscle car horsepower wars The 421 Super Duty had been the first of these, and their large bore and stoke made them popular in NHRA and NASCAR competition throughout the '60s. (imp.) 1963 Pontiac Super Duty 421: A Profile of a Muscle Car - HowStuffWorks Rods: Howard's billet 4340 certified steel, stock 6.625-in, floating pins The other major difference between the "typical" Pontiac engine of the time was that this one used the large . In the 1960s the popular 389cuin (6.4L) version, which had helped establish the Pontiac GTO as a premier muscle car, was cut in half to produce an unusual, high-torque inline four economy engine, the Trophy 4.

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