Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. study, case-control an observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. ing. {\displaystyle 1/A} statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. the condition of suffering an infection. line listing a type of epidemiologic database, organized similar to a spreadsheet with rows and columns in which information from cases or patients are listed each column represents a variable, and each row represents an individual case or patient. In epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had great societal and health consequences. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters exposed group a group whose members have had contact with a suspected cause of, or possess a characteristic that is a suspected determinant of, a particular health problem. an infecting agency or influence. mortality rate, postneonatal the mortality rate for children from age 28 days up to, but not including, 1 year. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. health information system a combination of health statistics from different sources. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Rates Of Infection synonyms - 8 Words and Phrases for Rates Of Infection. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. One moose, two moose. URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. No, I disagree. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. independent variable see variable, independent. the relative values of the currencies of two or more countries. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to the rest of the world? rate of prevalence. HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). That is to say, The fishing line is rated for 30 pounds. attributable risk percent see proportion, attributable. prospective study see study, prospective. trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. Math is a way of determining the relationships between numbers, shapes, and . Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. Synonymsfor Infection rate 35 other terms for infection rate- words and phrases with similar meaning Lists synonyms antonyms definitions sentences thesaurus phrases suggest new cancer rates contamination level high prevalence hiv infection hiv prevalence hiv-infection rate incidence rate infection rates level of contamination level of infection cause, necessary a factor that must be present for a disease or other health problem to occur. In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. HIPAA the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996, which addresses the privacy of a persons medical information as well as postemployment insurance and other health-related concerns. Search. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. ( ( , , . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. comparison group a group in an analytic study (e.g., a cohort or case-control study) with whom the primary group of interest (exposed group in a cohort study or case-patients in a case-control study) is compared. specificity the ability or a test, case definition, or surveillance system to exclude persons without the health condition of interest; the proportion of persons without a health condition that are correctly identified as such by a screening test, case definition, or surveillance system. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and trend movement or change in frequency over time, usually upwards or downwards. incidence of disease. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. Some types of HPV infection cause warts, and some can cause different types of cancer. incubation period the time interval from exposure to an infectious agent to the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease. Antiviral therapy and cesarean delivery (CD) improve clinical outcomes. evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. Organ transplant recipients had the highest rate of breakthrough infections. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. A nonspecific laboratory test used as a marker of inflammation. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . rates of infection. mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). . In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. A All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. The distinction between the two is clear (now). The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. Infection control and hospital epidemiology are akin to public health practice, practiced within the confines of a particular health-care delivery system rather than directed at society as a whole.Infection control addresses factors related to the spread of infections within the healthcare setting, whether among patients, from patients to staff, hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. antonyms. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. rate [ rt] the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. Synonyms for infection rate - infection rate, incidence rate, morbidity and others. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. cluster an aggregation of cases of a disease, injury, or other health condition (particularly cancer and birth defects) in a circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is not known). WILDFIRE SMOKE AND COVID-19 ARE A ONE-TWO PUNCH FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY ACROSS THE U.S. COURTS MAY RECONSIDER TEMPORARY CORONAVIRUS RESTRICTIONS AS PANDEMIC DRAGS ON. isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. To save this word, you'll need to log in. The midrange is usually calculated as an intermediate step in determining other measures. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. {\displaystyle A} Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. arbovirus any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. {\displaystyle \beta } Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. {\displaystyle \lambda } Track the global spread of coronavirus with maps and updates on cases and deaths around the world. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The speed or frequency of occurrence of an event, usually expressed with respect to time or some other known standard. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. zoonosis an infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. semilogarithmic-scale line graph see line graph, semilogarithmic-scale. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. standard error (of the mean) the standard deviation of a theoretical distribution of sample means of a variable around the true population mean of that variable. box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). Until the beginning of 2010, the worm had managed to crash 20% of Iran's functioning centrifuges for uranium enrichment, setting back the country's nuclear program with 2 years. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. We offer immediate delivery on all orders placed before 3pm. Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? Used by wage earners who run short of cash before payday. medical surveillance see surveillance, medical. Parts of speech ; the effective transmission rate. It is used to measure the frequency of bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. {\displaystyle \lambda } On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. risk the probability that an event will occur (e.g., that a person will be affected by, or die from, an illness, injury, or other health condition within a specified time or age span). case-control study see study, case-control. A normal resting heart rate for an adult is 60100 beats per minute. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. seasonality change in physiologic status or in the occurrence of a disease, chronic condition, or type of injury that conforms to a regular seasonal pattern. However, prevalence rates. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. It is a major global health problem. sex-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, sex-specific. is directly proportional to Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. This is true regardless of whether they have shown symptoms of COVID-19 or not. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. is the average age of infection. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. Wer auf der Strae oder in ffentlichen Gebuden ohne Mund-Nasen-Schutz erwischt wurde, musste mit . trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. measure of dispersion see measure of spread. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. contact exposure to a source of an infection; a person who has been exposed. ) is therefore The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). infection rate. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. scatter diagram (or scattergram) a graphical display of the association between two variables in which a dot is plotted on the graph for each set of paired values for two continuous variables, with one variable plotted on the horizontal axis, and the other plotted on the vertical axis. variable the degree to which a measurement, questionnaire, test, or study or any other data-collection tool measures what it is intended to measure. Solve Now. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. The denominator is the number of persons with the condition; the numerator is the number of cause-specific deaths among those persons. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. CDC twenty four seven. host a person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an infectious agent under natural conditions. We take your privacy seriously. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. retrospective study see study, retrospective. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. determinant any factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristics (see also cause and risk factor). cancer rates. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus, English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus, Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired infections that are typically not present or might be incubating at the time of admission. syndrome a combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. sporadic an event that occurs infrequently and irregularly. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. P value the probability of observing an association between two variables or a difference between two or more groups as large or larger than that observed, if the null hypothesis were true. Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. Used in statistical testing to evaluate the plausibility of the null hypothesis (i.e., whether the observed association or difference plausibly might have occurred by chance). clinical disease a disease that has been manifested by its symptoms and features. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. continuous variable see variable, continuous. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). Synonyms for 'Rate of infection'. virulence the ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease, measured as the proportion of persons with the disease who become severely ill or die. cause-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, cause-specific. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. Passing Rate. death-to-case ratio the number of deaths attributed to a particular disease, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, divided by the number of new cases of that disease, injury, or condition identified during the same period. cumulative frequency curve a plot of the cumulative frequency rather than the actual frequency for each class interval of a variable. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). forest plot a graph that displays the point estimates and confidence intervals of individual studies included in a meta-analysis or systematic review as a series of parallel lines.

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