She holds a master's degree in social service administration from the University of Chicago's Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice and a bachelors degree from the University of Michigan. Hawaii and Wyoming took in no refugees in fiscal 2019. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. During the last decade, five statesTexas, California, New York, Michigan, and Arizonareceived one-third of the 601,000 refugees resettled nationwide (see Figure 4). Dismantling and Reconstructing the U.S. Immigration System: A Catalog of Changes under the Trump Presidency. Bruno, Andorra. 202-266-1900, Refugees and Asylees in the United States, By Kira Monin, Jeanne Batalova, and Tianjian Lai, IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS ABOUT THIS ARTICLE, CONTACT US AT, Pauline Endres de Oliveira and Nikolas Feith Tan, National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy, Latin America & Caribbean Migration Portal, Illegal Immigration & Interior Enforcement. Tragically, nearly 100,000 of them found refuge in countries subsequently conquered by Germany. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. On 12th November, 73 children and 30 mothers went via train from Vienna to Malm; on the following day, busloads of Hungarian men headed towards Sweden. <> Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. The best thing to give a resettled refugee, she argued, would be a chance and a job. By the end of 1958, more than 7,300 Hungarians were resettled to Sweden. 2020. Humanitarian reform: fulfilling its promise? The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. 2020. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. Iraqis were next at 18 percent (109,400 individuals), followed by Bhutanese refugees at 13 percent (77,400 refugees). Figure 7. Overall, the U.S. has admitted about 76,200 refugees so far under the Trump administration (Jan. 20, 2017, to Sept. 30, 2019). The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. Ten years ago, on the 50th anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian revolution, the Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives (Blinken OSA) launched its public digital archives of newly acquired records related to the revolution, among them the records of the Columbia University Research Project on Hungary, which contained over 600 interviews conducted with Hungarian refugees in the US. Resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes in Europe what works? Number of Displaced People Globally Tops 80 Million in 2020: UN. Available online. info@osaarchivum.org Swedens reaction in 2015 echoed the speed of its response in 1956: along with Germany, it was one of the first and only European countries to let refugees and asylum seekers in before eventually pausing to question whether they had the capacity. Hundreds of thousands of liberated Jews, suffering from starvation and disease, emerged from concentration camps, hiding places, and places of temporary refuge to discover a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Refugee Arrivals by Initial U.S. State of Residence, FY 2010-20. This would be the lowest number of refugees resettled by the U.S. in a single year since 1980, when Congress created the nations refugee resettlement program. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Congo accounted for nearly 13,000 refugees, followed by Burma (Myanmar) with about 4,900, then Ukraine (4,500), Eritrea (1,800) and Afghanistan (1,200). Available online. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. 1951: The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was created. children were born as refugees. 202-266-1940 | fax. 1275 K St. NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20005 ph. Ratwatte, Indrika. Concerned for his governments ability to handle the vast number of people suddenly arriving in Austria, Interior Minister Oskar Helmer quickly appealed to the United Nations and specific countries for assistance. Docket No. The IRC records contain over 3,000 Hungarian case files that offer an exciting and detailed picture of the route, problems and difficulties of the resettlement and social integration of former Hungarian refugees in the US between 1956 and 1965. <> Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. It matters for children in Europe. Gonzales, Richard. Congress finally passed a Displaced Persons Act only reluctantly, and without public hearings. By the end of 1957, nearly 1,500 Hungarians had been resettled to Norway, including tuberculosis patients and their families. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. The share of Christians among all refugees was much higher for some nationalities, including some of most common groups. 1Refugee admissions into the U.S. have declined substantially during Donald Trumps presidency. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Congolese refugees have fled armed conflict that has killed more people over several decades than any war since World War II. During a meeting on 6th December between the Ministry of Social Affairs and the newly established Board for the Resettlement of Hungarian Refugees to Norway, it was noted that Sweden was taking in 100-130 refugees a day, and it was hoped to bring 100 refugees to Norway by late December. Available online. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Did you like this story? For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. 3 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UKfmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk +44 (0)1865 281700, The resettlement of Hungarian refugees in 1956, A grim return: post-deportation risks in Uganda, Climate crisis and displacement: from commitment to action, Externalisation / Mobility and agency in protracted displacement, Public health and WASH / Non-signatory States and the international refugee regime, Mental health and psychosocial support, Data and displacement, Missing migrants, Climate crisis and local communities / Trafficking and smuggling / COVID-19: early reflections. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 8 0 R 9 0 R 20 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 5 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> Washington, DC: MPI. Give us some feedback at cishistory.library@uscis.dhs.gov. For fiscal 2020, which started Oct. 1, 2019, Trump has set a ceiling of 18,000 refugees. Washington, DC: MPI. Austria showed openness and willingness to welcome the refugees, noting their prima facie status under the 1951 Refugee Convention. ---. Migration Information Source, April 20, 2016. N.d. Interactive Reporting. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. Operation Safe Haven: The Hungarian Refugee Crisis of 1956 In November 1956, a failed revolt against Communism in Hungary spurred the greatest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II. In 2016, again with the generous support of the Blinken family, the archives extended the scope of its research to other archives in the United States that also possess relevant, still largely unexplored records on the 1956 Hungarian refugees. With the support of its population, in 1956 and 1957 Canada received more than 37,500 of these Hungarian refugees. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. b?:h Oxford Department of International Development Each month, MPI authors review major legislative, judicial, and executive action on U.S. immigration at the local, state, and federal levels. The Blinken OSA is now making these recently revealed and digitized records available online for scholars and the wider public in both Hungarian and English. 2019. Press coverage of this and similar incidents led to great public sympathy for the Hungarian people, and President Eisenhower used the parole authority provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 (INA) to allow approximately 30,000 additional Hungarians to enter the country. The U.S. admitted about 23,800 Christians, compared with about 4,900 Muslims and smaller numbers of other religious groups. Refugee Resettlement. The United States plans to admit a maximum of 18,000 refugees in fiscal year 2020, down from a cap of 30,000 in the one that ended Sept. 30, 2019, under a new refugee admissions ceiling set by the Trump administration. Every fall, the U.S. president sets a refugee ceiling the maximum number of refugees who may enter the country in a fiscal year. Religions of Refugees Admitted to the United States, FY 2010-20. Available online. 2017. University of Oxford The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. WlO#*+J@=/_Nz(v"7UxEtw|Gp'ND*"'V~! \GjKXzH}WxHi h~Z|^FCkD~*uVb?QhF &]emW7Y/$ihw\Z],9Xu^=EZ{EOuv]wDvK|Zot:U`Pb`U[W?UWw@j7[eMw4Jp 'u"M7d7,!b=>,))o-I W#N0&4laxg)L`! 3`\xX]"'Ye[ .I>I&\:dS'KO na}V1dUc'jHV*\^""Q7/t>b1t1g0{YXj7+h[dl Da#? Nagy sought refuge in the Yugoslav Embassy, but was captured and . Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2021. Opinions in FMR do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors, the Refugee Studies Centre or the University of Oxford.CopyrightFMR is an Open Access publication. Refugees Entering the U.S. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. The Trump administration also deviated from the region-based formula for allocating refugee slots, instead prioritizing particular categories of individuals such as those fleeing religious persecution. All but one member of parliament urged caution and restraint while waiting to see how the situation unfolded. Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Jan. 27, 2017, and co-authored by Jynnah Radford, a former research assistant at Pew Research Center. Venezuelans have the potential to be among the top refugee-origin groups in coming years. With the support of its population, in 1956 and 1957 Canada received more than 37,500 of these Hungarian refugees. *0!%) (1+ TIz7-kUe&B*W}yk-AN&,tZV|9lqH2m0 . They had a very important role in carrying out the Presidents purpose of cutting all red tape and yet carrying out the basic regulations. While some politicians opposed the operation, fearing that the Hungarians would spread communist ideas, INS investigators found very few refugees who had lied to enter the country or showed evidence of radical sympathies. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his administration, including the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), moved swiftly in response. 5 0 obj During an affirmative asylum interview, an asylum officer will determine whether the applicant meets the definition of a refugee. Search, browse and discover our continuously growing collection of documents. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. Kennedy, Merrit. Canada resettled nearly 38,000 Hungarian refugees who fled the Soviet invasion of their country following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. On the following day, camps in Austria were contacted to coordinate selection, and a Swedish delegation was sent. (This happened just as the systematic, Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the, President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward, The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the. The Travel Ban at Two: Rocky Implementation Settles into Deeper Impacts. 5Texas, Washington, New York and California resettled roughly a quarter of all refugees in fiscal 2019. At first it looked as if the Soviet Union might allow for liberalization in Hungary, but on Nov. 4, a reported 1,000 Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest to put down the rebellion. The United States did not immediately adopt a consistent refugee policy in the wake of World War II, instead patching together various immigration, refugee, and displaced persons legislation for temporary fixes to address specific crises. Many of the 1956-ers in the United Sates, however, were also comfortable with the notion of ethnic pride and believed in the shaping of a dual national identity. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. 2020. Together, these states took in nearly 8,100 refugees. ---. %PDF-1.5 In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. By contrast, the District of Columbia, Delaware and West Virginia each resettled fewer than 10 refugees. Sources: U.S. Meissner, Doris. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). how many refugees did america accept from hungary 1956 GENEVA, October 23 (UNHCR) - Fifty years ago today, on October 23, 1956, a student demonstration in the Hungarian capital Budapest triggered one of the tensest periods of the Cold War, as well as a remarkable response to the ensuing refugee crisis which brought substantial benefits to future generations of refugees all across the world. Accessed December 3, 2020. 204,500. gOp jk2l))xrc O! This expansive use of presidential parole power under the INA set a precedent followed by succeeding administrations to the present day, including the recent Afghan evacuation. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. To date, the Blinken OSA has succeeded in digitizing 185 case files, which will be regularly uploadedto our new website. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, mortgaged the still-extant 1924 immigration quotas, allowing up to 50% of future quota spaces to be used on behalf of displaced persons, with few exceptions. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. WASHINGTON President Biden on Monday reversed himself and said he would allow as many as 62,500 refugees to enter the United States during the next six months, eliminating the sharp limits. Jeanne Batalova is a Senior Policy Analyst and Manager of the Migration Data Hub. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. We also conducted research in the records of the historical archive of the International Rescue Committee (IRC), an American civil organization founded in 1933 to support refugees fleeing from dictatorial regimes in Europe and elsewhere. He was loyal to. Available online. Available online. Vera & Donald Blinken Open Society Archives While the United States has historically led the world in refugee resettlement numbers, admissions fell dramatically under President Donald Trump, whose administration increased vetting procedures and reduced the number of refugees accepted annually to record lows. Portugals position on resettlement: a view from the periphery of the EU, Pre-resettlement experiences: Iranians in Vienna, The secondary migration of refugees resettled in the US, Expanding the role of NGOs in resettlement, Resettlement as a protection tool for refugee children, An unequal partnership: resettlement service providers in Australia, Refugee resettlement and activism in New Zealand, Differential treatment of refugees in Ireland, Towards a new framework for integration in the US, How refugee community groups support resettlement, The Solidarity Resettlement Programme, and alternatives, in Latin America, The story of a small Canadian congregation sponsoring a refugee family, Expectations of vulnerability in Australia, Resettlement of refugee youth in Australia: experiences and outcomes over time, Rejecting resettlement: the case of the Palestinians, The resettlement of Polish refugees after the second world war, Iraqi refugees in Spanish-speaking Californian communities. Between 2018 and 2021, an average of between 350,000 and 400,000 children were born into a refugee life per year. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, How the U.S. refugee resettlement program works, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The United States is proud to be the largest single donor of humanitarian, democracy, and human rights assistance to Ukraine, working closely with our European partners. 2017. Return: voluntary, safe, dignified and durable? Refugee admissions through resettlement programs from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been consistently low despite high need for humanitarian protections. Available online. Affirmative, Defensive, and Total Grants of Asylum by Nationality, FY 2019. In 2018 the United States fell behind Canada as the top resettlement country globally. Refugee admissions rebounded from this low point. As early as 7th November, the French Red Cross flew a plane loaded with medical supplies to the Austrian capital Vienna and brought refugees back on the return flight. UoEhxGxN4[`NW? Geneva: UNHCR. Telegrams were always composed and printed in CAPITAL LETTERS. Ten Facts about U.S. 2018. ---. Nationals of China were by far the largest group, accounting for more than one-quarter of all asylum grants during the decade. Putting IDPs on the map: achievements and challenges, Protecting and assisting the internally displaced: the way forward, Delivering the goods: rethinking humanitarian logistics, Practical considerations for effective resettlement, Surge and selection: power in the refugee resettlement regime, The internationalisation of resettlement: lessons from Syria and Bhutan, A successful refugee resettlement programme: the case of Nepal, Putting refugees at the centre of resettlement in the UK, Southeast Asia and the disenchantment with resettlement. Their fate remains unknown. Between November 1956 and June 1957, Camp . For more information on the federal governments response to past refugee crises, visit our Refugee Timeline on USCIS.gov. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. Around three-quarters of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (74%) said the U.S. has this responsibility, compared with 26% of Republicans and Republican leaners. In fiscal 2017 (Oct. 1, 2016, to Sept. 30, 2017), about 53,700 refugees resettled in the U.S. a figure that reflects a temporary freeze on refugee admissions that Trump ordered shortly after taking office. Age and Gender of Refugees Admitted to the United States, FY 2010-20. An official website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, An official website of the United States government, To protect your privacy, please do not include any personal information in your feedback. 3 0 obj Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018. Available online. The Austrian government immediately recognized her as a refugee. Individuals with critical medical conditions or disabilities, and families with young children are typically prioritized for resettlement. Resettlement candidates first apply for refugee status while in another country and do not enter the U.S. until they have legal permission to do so. Using the most recent data available, including 2020 and historical refugee arrival figures from the State Department and 2019 asylum data from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), this Spotlight examines characteristics of the U.S. refugee and asylee populations, including top countries of origin and top states for refugee resettlement. 4wQQ"1>B0rNv>NwK9& >tEC-L vXw \oS$~\hy)[{z'.ac.Y_z^ Ik`+v@yz\2QW1,:O*N#_de*>@Qg8nGD7y%T8=E73_# jb ]R/tfF}-cJG+\y= #Y %e|6?`&7 vzIJts&E-Iil[kFSl`rY"dQ0J@| Refugee resettlement to the U.S. is traditionally offered to the most vulnerable refugee cases including women and children at risk, women heads of households, the elderly, survivors of violence and torture and those with acute medical needs. Figure 3. Support from the public and newspapers also argued for a larger number of refugees to come to Sweden and on 21st November, it was decided that another 2,000 should be resettled. Colombians, who have fled more than 50 years of armed conflict, represented 23 percent of all LAC refugees in FY 2020 and 10 percent in the decade since FY 2010. In-Country Refugee Processing in Central America: A Piece of the Puzzle. Ukrainians have been forcibly displaced by the violent conflict between state forces and Russian-backed separatists, as well as by religious persecution. the United States did create a special immigration quota in 1956 for refugees from the communist crackdown, and by May 1957, more than 30,000 Hungarians had resettled in the . Border Dj Vu: Biden Confronts Similar Challenges as His Predecessors, Border Challenges Dominate, But Bidens First 100 Days Mark Notable Under-the-Radar Immigration Accomplishments, Belonging: The Resettlement Experiences of Hmong Refugees in Texas and Germany, Dismantling and Reconstructing the U.S. Immigration System: A Catalog of Changes under the Trump Presidency, Ten Facts About U.S. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Since 2015, some states and localities have become increasingly vocal about having greater input in the resettlement process, citing concerns such as limited federal funding, use of local resources, and potential national-security threats. On 5th November, Helmer sent a telegram to the newly established UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (now the International Organization for Migration) specifically requesting financial support for Austria and expressing his hope that most of the refugees could soon be relocated to third countries: FURTHERMORE EARLY TEMPORARY ACCEPTANCE OF AS GREAT A NUMBER AS POSSIBLE OF THESE REFUGEES BY EUROPEAN STATES IS URGENTLY REQUESTED STOP[1] THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT APPEALS TO THE FEELINGS OF SOLIDARITY IN HELPING REFUGEES WHICH HAS SO OFTEN BEEN EVIDENCED IN THE PAST. On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. Geneva: UNHCR. Through the hard work of INS employees as well as the State Department, the military, and civilian volunteers, over 30,000 refugees resettled in the United States over an eight-month period. Between FY 2010 and FY 2020, 75 percent of LAC admissions were from Cuba (see Figure 3). 32. Available online. Available online. Already Face a Rigorous Vetting Process. All rights reserved. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions. Fewer than 12,000 refugees were resettled in FY 2020. The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). Since fiscal 2002 (Oct. 1, 2001, to Sept. 30, 2019), the U.S. has admitted about 464,700 Christian refugees and about 310,700 Muslim refugees. Available online. Arriving refugees are placed in communities based on factors including their needs, family ties, and the receiving communitys language and health-care services, housing availability, educational and job opportunities, and cost of living. Accessed October 8, 2020. Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print or link to the full texts of articles published in FMR and on the FMR website, as long as the use is for non-commercial purposes and the author and FMR are attributed. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. She noted that there should be motivation by all states to help with the harder cases as well as the need for Sweden to take in those who could easily be integrated into the labour market. The decline in U.S. refugee admissions comes at a time when the number of refugees worldwide has reached the highest levels since World War II. Commissioner Swing traveled to Hungary, where he witnessed a Red Army soldier shoot an escaping Hungarian near the Austrian border. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Kdr, a communist, ruled until 1988. (Iraq is counted as a part of Asia in this data source.) Available online. ---. [1] STOP was frequently used in telegrams at the end of sentences (in preference to a dot, which was anyway charged as a full word) to avoid messages being misunderstood. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. Quotas were further increased on 7th December and 8th February 1957. Since fiscal 2002, California has resettled the most refugees (about 108,600), followed by Texas (88,300), New York (58,500) and Florida (48,700). 2019. Six million European Jews had been murdered. These nonprofits included the National Catholic Welfare Conference, Church World Service, United Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, and the International Rescue Committee, among others. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. Half or more of refugees during this time came from Asia, with many from Iraq and Burma (Myanmar). US authorities did not accept the refugees either, though US diplomats in London pressured the German ambassador to give assurances that the German authorities would not persecute the Orinoco refugees upon their return to the German Reich. 202-266-1940 | fax. External Processing: A Tool to Expand Protection or Further Restrict Territorial Asylum? 2019. View the list of all donors. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. www.osaarchivum.org, Vera & Donald Blinken Open Society Archives - 2016, 1956 Hungarian Refugees in the US Photo Gallery, Assisting 1956 Hungarian Student Refugees: Gary L. Filerman, Resettlement of Hungarian refugees, 1957-1959, 1956 Hungarian Refugees in the United States.

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