through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. What's significant about the black fraternities and sororities in America is that they also trace part of their lineage to the Ekpe society of southeastern Nigeria. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. What role does religion play in society today? [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. [33][34] Abasi is said to have borrowed an axe from an Uruan woman and had broken the axe. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. During the colonial era, The Efik language was the only language taught in schools in many parts of the present-day Cross River and Akwa Ibom state. [36] [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [38] It is believed that it was at Ndodoghi that many of the Abayen clan had died from crocodile attacks. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Collection of Eli Bentor. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. the exhibition explores the long- Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . Hugh, Goldie. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Corrections? History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. According to E.U. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. [5] The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. These are: the oral historians, kings' advisors, poets, and musicians whose power is the ability to manipulate words. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . [69] On the appending of the Ekpe institution to its list of secret societies, the Ekpe society was reformed and adapted to suit the needs of the Efik people. [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. Simple theme. That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. Photo by Jordan Fenton. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). . The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. This theory asserts that the Efik migrated from Palestine or somewhere close to Palestine. [37] The items believed to have been taken include Ikpaya (woven raffia robe), Akata (throne) and Ayang (Broom). All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. The missionaries who arrived in 1846 contributed to the changes in women's attire in Efik society. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. James Beale Horton made a similar assertion in 1868 where he asserted that all the communities of the Niger-delta are traced to the Igbo. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. identity. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. Hall Fund. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. [72] [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. "[21] Jeffreys assertion regarding Eburutu being a single Ibibio clan is proven false by earlier definitions of Eburutu by Rev. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. ekpe society cameroon. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Hope all is well. As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. Photo by Eli Bentor. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. The Ekpe Society. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. Here's a look inside. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. [73] The Efik native cow (English: Ena Efk) was regarded with some amount of reverence and was mainly killed on rare occasions such as the festival for the installation of a new priest king. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society.

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